This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.

Strong base is added to three different buffers and water and the effect on pH is observed.

The pH of acidic, basic, and neutral aqueous solutions of salts is shown with ammonium chloride, sodium acetate, and sodium chloride. Place beakers containing distilled water and universal indicator ...