In 1867, Frederick A. P. Barnard, a mathematician and the president of Columbia University in New York, served as a judge at the Exposition universelle, a world’s fair held in Paris. There he saw a ...
Invented by Leonardo Torres in 1920, the Torres calculating machine is a machine that solves essential addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems using a simple manner. It was a ...
The Science Museum in London, the CNAM in Paris, the Deutches Museum in Munich, and the Arithmeum in Bonn have extensive collections of calculating machines. Further collections are at the Heinz ...