In 1867, Frederick A. P. Barnard, a mathematician and the president of Columbia University in New York, served as a judge at the Exposition universelle, a world’s fair held in Paris. There he saw a ...

IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more. This manually operated, non-printing ...

Grant’s difference engine was invented in 1876 by George Grant. It was a calculating machine and was invented as a way to advance the current calculating machine technology. It used the latest design ...

Calculators have evolved over centuries from large computing machines into today’s highly functional, pocket-sized devices capable of performing complex computations, graphing multiple lines at once ...

A rare liveaction and closeup study of the only existing Babbage Difference Engine a machine designed in the first quarter of the 19thCentury by English inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage The ...