Direct-injection engines were introduced with a promise that sounded ideal: more power, better fuel efficiency, and cleaner ...
Effective management of the ratio between air and fuel in internal combustion engines underpins both performance optimisation and emissions reduction. The air–fuel ratio (AFR) determines combustion ...
Hydrogen-enriched fuel technologies encompass the addition of hydrogen or hydrogen-based gases into the intake or direct injection systems of spark ignition and compression ignition engines to enhance ...