This article has been updated in January 2024. High resolution images of microscopic samples can be obtained experimentally using Scanning Electron Transmission Microscopy (STEM). It is an effective ...

Although the detailed physics of what goes on inside a laser is typically complex, all conventional lasers share a common basic operational principle: a process known as the stimulated emission of ...

The way electrons interact with photons of light is a vital part of many modern technologies, from lasers to solar panels to LEDs. But the interaction is inherently weak because of a major mismatch in ...