If you have ever read advanced textbooks or papers about electronics, you may have been surprised to see the use of complex numbers used in the analysis of AC circuits. A complex number has two parts: ...

Previous tutorials have shown the properties and characteristics of simple resistor-only and inductor-only AC circuits. We will now investigate the effects of combining the two components together.

The word phase has a clear definition for pure traveling sinusoidal waves. This is not the same for music signals since all equalizers shift phase with frequency. Sinusoidal waveforms of the same ...