This paper builds and implements a multifactor stochastic volatility model for the latent (and unobservable) volatility of the baseload and peakload forward contracts at the European Energy Exchange ...

This paper examines the application of various stochastic volatility models to real data and demonstrates their effectiveness in calibrating a wide range of options, including those with short-term ...

Affine processes provide a versatile framework for modelling complex financial phenomena, ranging from interest rate dynamics to credit risk and beyond. Their defining characteristic is the affine, or ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

It shows the schematic of the physics-informed neural network algorithm for pricing European options under the Heston model. The market price of risk is taken to be λ=0. Automatic differentiation is ...

Volatility modeling is no longer just about pricing derivatives—it's the foundation for modern trading strategies, hedging precision, and portfolio optimization. Whether you're trading gold futures, ...