But only in the last 70 years have we known for certain they were there. In 1956, physicists Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

The standard model of particle physics represents the most comprehensive theory about fundamental or subatomic particles and forces in the universe. The model describes how matter and antimatter ...

Our existence rests on a razor‑thin imbalance in the early cosmos. When the universe was young, matter and antimatter should ...

China is nearing completion of an advanced facility to measure neutrinos, the smallest subatomic particles known to physicists. Its underground central sphere will soon be sealed off and filled with ...

The universe isn’t just growing—it’s speeding up as it does. That discovery stunned scientists, upending long-held ideas about gravity and motion in space. This rapid expansion wasn’t predicted by ...

We experience the flow of time because it’s a natural outcome of the basic laws of physics. But we may need to build a whole ...

Anomalous radio signals detected in Antarctica by the ANITA experiment were coming upward from Earth rather than down from the sky. Researchers used digital and mathematical simulations to test ...

Muons are unstable subatomic particles that spontaneously and rapidly transform into other particles via a process known as ...

Quantum mechanics describes the unconventional properties of subatomic particles, like their ability to exist in a superposition of multiple states, as popularized by the Schrödinger's cat analogy, ...

Dipangkar Dutta receives funding from US Dept. of Energy and NSF. A clever mathematical tool known as virtual particles unlocks the strange and mysterious inner workings of subatomic particles. What ...