The majority of recent empirical papers in operations management (OM) employ observational data to investigate the causal effects of a treatment, such as program or policy adoption. However, as ...
LLM training data mixture optimization breaks when training pools shift — every prior proxy experiment becomes stale.
This paper describes threats to making valid causal inferences about pandemic impacts on student learning based on cross-year comparisons of average test scores. The paper uses Spring 2021 test score ...
Decades of research have established a significant link between physical activity and health, influencing agenda setting, policy making and community awareness.1–4 However, the field continues to ...
We know that correlation does not imply causation, but careful analyses of correlations are often our only way to quantify cause and effect in domains ranging from healthcare to education. This ...
One of the most popular applications of artificial intelligence to date has been to use it to predict things, using algorithms trained with historical data to determine a future outcome. But ...