American Journal of Botany, Vol. 86, No. 12 (Dec., 1999), pp. 1677-1682 (6 pages) During the crown-building phase, the mechanical architecture of the trunk of Aralia spinosa exhibits considerable ...
A tree is planted, watered and mulched, and stakes are placed on either side. Ties are secured rigidly from trunk to stakes. After a year or so, the stakes are removed and this tree is free to wave in ...