This research provides density functions and descriptive statistics for the distance between points for basic shapes in Cartesian space. Both Euclidean and Rectilinear Distances are determined for ...

In this paper, we consider the function f p ( t )= 2p X 2 ( 2p t+p;p ) , where χ²(x; n) defined by X 2 ( x;p )= 2 −p/2 Γ( p/2 ) e −x/2 x p/2−1 , is the density function of a χ²-distribution with n ...

What Is A Probability Density Function? A probability density function, also known as a bell curve, is a fundamental statistics concept, that describes the likelihood of a continuous random variable ...

In the domain of reasoning under uncertainty, probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) have long been a prominent tool for data analysis. These models provide a structured framework for representing ...

Cumulative probability is an essential concept in the world of statistics and probability theory. It refers to the likelihood that a random variable will take a value equal to or less than a specific ...

The COS method was introduced in Fang & Oosterlee (2008) and then was applied to pricing a variety of stock options for continuous random variables. This paper adapts the Fourier-cosine series (COS) ...

Abstract: A longstanding problem in statistics pertains to the estimation of probability density functions of continuous random variables from a finite set of their samples. In this paper, we propose ...

Abstract: Jitter can be generally modeled as a superposition of an unbounded random component that follows a Gaussian distribution and a bounded deterministic component. It is usually assumed that the ...